Charlotte LR Payne
Charlotte LR Payne
  • About
  • Research
    • Traditional entomophagy in Japan >
      • An overview
      • Wild foraging and food insecurity
      • Imported insects compensate for a decline in wild foraging
    • The ‘semi domestication’ of wasps for use as food in contemporary Japan >
      • What can we learn from insect 'semi-domestication'?
    • Public health and edible insects
    • Wild and semi-wild harvesting in Zimbabwe
    • Wild harvesting in DRC
    • Gender roles in insect foraging and management
    • Edible insects in San Antonio Etlatongo, Oaxaca, Mexico
  • Publications
  • Blog
  • 日本語

Short break (Summer holiday)

8/31/2013

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I'm taking a break from writing because I've recently been given the privlege/responsibility of looking after a fairly big garden! So each morning before the day really begins, step by step, I'm trying to make things grow. Which leaves little time for writing anything here. Back soon!
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Hatsubon continued

8/14/2013

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This photo shows the basic layout for the area where the main* hatsubon events in the house take place. 

After arranging the flowers and cleaning the tableware , further jobs included:

  • Preparing the meal for the deceased
  • Airing the cushions that the guests  will sit on
  • Preparing trays of food (mostly regular snacks - nuts, chocolate etc - and also some high quality Japanese sweets - made with adzuki bean paste, chestnut paste, white bean paste, and leaves) and drinks (chilled green tea) for the guests


*You could easily argue that the events going on in the 'ura' is just as (if not more) important than those in the omote ('front')...the 'ura' being the place where the preparations occur - usually only seen/experienced only by women (and, it turns out, men who are exhausted by the day's events)...but, privacy is the prerogative of those in the ura :)

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(The aubergine and cucumber in the bottom right hand corner: The deceased comes down from heaven on a cucumber horse, and returns on an aubergine cow. Or something along those lines.)
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(The meal for the deceased. The purple thing is my homegrown beetroot! The beans on the left are actually peanuts...)
(The photo below is of the pile of presents from the guests)
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And, the order of events:

1.30-2pm Guests began to arrive, and we served them cold tea and snacks. There were about 20-30 guests in total.

2.30pm The priest(お坊さん)was due to arrive. He was late (he visits many houses on the same day), and while everyone waited for him, a couple of the men burnt the 108 candlestick holder and candles. we rearranged the cushions and removed the tables, so that everyone could sit in rows facing the priest.

3pm-ish The priest arrived. We gave him tea and sweets. Books with Buddhist verses (all kanji - no hiragana or katakana) were passed around and the priest told us which parts he would read. He then turned to face the shrine and began to chant. This lasted about 20 minutes, and during the chanting a box of fragrant burning wood chips was passed around and each person took some wood chips, touched their forehead with the chips, returned the chips to the box (not the same pile of chips, though) and passed it on to the next person.

4pm-ish Most people left to visit the grave, which is 2 minutes walk up the hill. We cleared things up and waited.

4.30pm-ish Everyone left.

Everything is then left in place until the next morning, just in case people later in the day want to come and pay their respects. 

I am a big fan of leaving the clearing up until the next morning :)
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Hatsubon (初盆)

8/13/2013

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Today is 'Obon', usually translated as the 'Festival of Lanterns' (online dictionary) or a 'Japanese Buddhist custom to honour the spirit of one's ancestors' (Wikipedia).

Today is also the first Obon since the death of the former owner of the house in which I live, and this is known as 'Hatsubon' (literally - 'the first Obon'). Up until now, I've never known of formalised commemoration events other than funerals. In England we might have memorial services and personal traditions such as visiting graves, but Hatsubon is an event with a set pattern to it that each family is expected to follow, and in Japanese Buddhist tradition, it is the first in a series of commemoration events remembering the deceased.

What does this mean in practice?

Well, I can only explain my experience of events. Preparations began yesterday. My jobs included: 


  • Cleaning and setting up the Obon lanterns (which I found in a box on the second floor several months ago and considered using as regular hanging lights! Probably a good thing I didn't. I had no idea they were for Obon.). 

(Setting these up, I felt like a child setting up Christmas decorations. When they're complete, the lights inside revolve and flash neon blue and pink.)
















  • Setting 108 candles on a candleholder: The candles represent 108 煩悩, or 'sins' (for want of a better word...Dictionary translations include 'worldly desires', 'appetites of the flesh', and 'evil passions'). The lighting of the candles representing the burning of these sins.










  • Going shopping for flowers and fruit. The flowers are for decoration, and the fruit is laid out for the deceased to eat. The fruit is laid out on a lotus leaf, freshly cut from the lotus field next door.
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This morning, preparations continue, and my role so far has been to arrange flowers and clean plates:
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To be continued!
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'If it has a story, it'll sell' 

8/11/2013

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'If it has a story, it'll sell' 

This is something I've heard many times from my professor here in Japan, who recently brought researchers together from across Japan to sell indigenous products, each with its own unique story, at an international conference.

Today, I came across some quantitative evidence to support his words: This site tells the story of a project which began with the question 'does a story raise the objective value of a product?' The leader of the project, an American newspaper columnist called Rob Walker, began by purchasing very cheap, second hand goods, with little or no intrinsic value. He then contacted amateur writers and asked each of them to write a short story involving one of the objects. He then sold the products on eBay. On average, the value of the products rose by 2700%. (That is, according to this article. I couldn't find this figure on the site itself, but after a quick look at some of the examples I don't doubt it.)

So, where is all this going?

Well, reading this reminded me of a conversation I had recently with Takafumi Yokoyama, who does research on edible seaweed in Japan. We talked about making a product that combines 'gifts from the sea' with 'gifts from the mountains' - in short, tsukudani made with seaweed and insects! 
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So today, I made my first konbu-inago tsukudani. That is, 
  • Grasshoppers (Oxya spp.) gathered from rice paddies in central mountainous Japan, and
  • Kombu seaweed (Laminaria digitata) gathered from the southern Hokkaido coast, in the North of Japan,
prepared as 'tsukudani', a traditional Japanese cooking method that just involves simmering in soy sauce and mirin (sweet cooking sake).

And to add to the story a bit (well, actually because it's the only mirin I have at the moment), I used bara-ichigo mirin: A jug of mirin to which I added wild berries collected from nearby forests. It has been sitting absorbing the wild berry taste for a couple of months now, which gives the mirin such a good taste that it can be drunk alone, like a sweet dessert wine. 

*(Examples of the 'products with stories' sold at the conference: 5 different species of seaweed from 5 different locations across Japan; leather goods made with the skin of deer and wild boar culled to control crop raiding, an increasing problem in rural Japan; tables made with the wood of 80-year old cedars harvested sustainably from the mountain village where I live; bird perches made from offcuts of the ancient cedar trees used to rebuild Ise Jingu shrine; snacks made with lard from 'Agu' livestock that is unique to Okinawa; and of course edible insects. Each product had information to accompany it, and yes, they sold well!)
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Cockroach soup

8/9/2013

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For no particular reason, I've decided to try and write my Japanese blog in English as well. And I'm beginning with this post, about cockroach soup (in fact, maybe cockroach soup is the reason).

Why would anyone in the entire world want to consume cockroach soup????

WHO would even think of it?

Well, according to a book (written in Japanese and published in 2005) entitled  'That cockroach thing' (very rough translation), ENGLISH people used to eat cockroaches…!! Who? Well, Londoners and sailors, in short. The London method involved removing the heads and guts of the cockroach, and then frying it in oil with a little salt and pepper. The sailor method, as far as I understand, was to simply throw a bunch of cockroaches into a saucepan of boiling water, add  any mixture of flavoured soup ingredients, and…well. There you have it - cockroach soup, sailor-style. 

It doesn't sound particularly delicious, but then again, for all I know, cockroaches may be more delectable than they appear. I think silkworm are an ideal snack, but I know many people who say that just the appearance of these insects makes them feel ill and they can't consider them as food. 

Where do our food taboos come from? Why is it that I am more than happy to taste Japanese insects cooked according to traditional recipes, yet am repulsed by the idea of my own country's apparent historical entomophagous cuisine? 

And could it be for the same reason that so many people of my generation in Japan, even those who have travelled to many different countries and tried many different foods, tell me they don't even want to try Japanese edible insects? But what is that reason?

Hm. Either way, I suppose I really ought to try cockroach soup.

In other news, here are some recent photos from the countryside:
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From above, anti-clockwise: The view from my window; my second floor rooms; two photos from a local festival (Gion matsuri); beetroots (now harvested! beetroot juice, beetroot pickles, raw beetroot salad..)
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And some photos taken on recent trips to Tokyo and Niigata (for Fuji Rock!)..
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Selling sausages and beer (mostly beer) at Fuji Rock
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The Kobokan community centre weekly dinner for elderly residents
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In this painting (at the Edo museum in Tokyo), the artist has chosen to draw all the workers as women, when in reality, they would all have been men. 
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Bjork at Fuji Rock
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With the head chef at Piacere after a Tuscan feast (with Chiant!)
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Making tea
And some photos from a trip to Kyoto (for the International Geographical Union Annual Conference) and Nagoya (for a really interesting lecture at Nagoya University by Professor Meyer-Rochow)
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Our exhibition booth at the conference
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The home of Omote-senke
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Two silkworm chrysalises, Nagoya University - the one on the left is from a strain of silkworm that has been modified to produce yellow fluorescent silk.
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The river running through Kyoto
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